Essay Prompt
Case Study Scenario\nChief Complaint\nJ.T. is a 48-year old male who presents to the primary care clinic with fatigue, weight loss, and extreme thirst and increased appetite.\nHistory of Present Illness\nJ.T. has been in his usual state of health until three weeks ago when he began experiencing symptoms of fatigue, weight loss, and extreme thirst. He reports that he would like to begin a walking program, but he feels too fatigued to walk at any point during the day. Now he is very concerned about gaining more weight since he is eating more. He reports insomnia due to having to get up and urinate greater than 4 times per night.\nPast Medical History\u202f\nHypertension\nHyperlipidemia\nObesity\nFamily History\nBoth parents deceased\nBrother: Type 2 diabetes\nSocial History\nDenies\u202fsmoking\nDenies alcohol or recreational drug use\nLandscaper\nAllergies\nNo Known Drug Allergies\nMedications\nLisinopril 20 mg once daily by mouth\nAtorvastatin 20 mg once daily by mouth\nAspirin 81 mg once daily by mouth\nMultivitamin once daily by mouth\nReview of Systems\nConstitutional: - fever, - chills, - weight loss.\nNeurological: denies dizziness or disorientation\nHEENT: Denies nasal congestion, rhinorrhea or sore throat.\nChest: (-)Tachypnea. Denies cough.\nHeart: Denies chest pain, chest pressure or palpitations.\nLymph: Denies lymph node swelling.\nGeneral Physical Exam\u202f\u202f\nConstitutional: Alert and oriented male in no acute distress\nVital Signs:\u202fBP-136/80, T-98.6 F, P-78, RR-20\nWt. 240\u202flbs.,\u202fHt.\u202f5'8\", BMI 36.5\nHEENT\u202f\nEyes: Pupils equal, round and reactive to light and accommodation, normal conjunctiva.\nEars: Tympanic membranes intact.\nNose: Bilateral nasal turbinates without redness or swelling. Nares patent.\nMouth: Oropharynx clear. No mouth lesions. Teeth present and intact; Oral mucous membranes and lips dry.\nNeck/Lymph Nodes\u202f\nNeck supple without JVD.\nNo lymphadenopathy, masses or carotid bruits.\nLungs\u202f\nBilateral breath sounds clear throughout lung fields. Breathing quality deep with fruity breath odor\nHeart\u202f\nS1 and S2 regular rate and rhythm; - tachycardia; no rubs or murmurs.\nIntegumentary System\u202f\nSkin warm, dry; Nail beds pink without clubbing.\nLabs\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n| Test | Patient\\'s Result | Reference |\n+====================================+=======================+======================+\n| Glucose (fasting) | 132 | 60-120 mg/dL |\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n| BUN | 20 | 7-24 mg/dL |\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n| Creatinine | 0.8 | 0.7-1.4 mg/dL |\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n| Sodium | 141 | 135-145 mEq/L |\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n| Sodium | 141 | 135-145 mEq/L |\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n| Chloride | 97 | 95-105 mEq/L |\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n| HCO3 | 24 | 22-28 mEq/L |\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n| A1C | 7.2 | |\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n| Urinalysis | \u00a0 | |\n| | | |\n| Protein | Negative | |\n| | | |\n| Glucose | Positive | |\n| | | |\n| Ketones | Negative | |\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n| Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) | 220 mg/dL | |\n+------------------------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+\n\nJ.T. is diagnosed with diabetes. Review all information provided in the case to answer the following questions.\nCase Study Questions\nPathophysiology & Clinical Findings of the Disease\nReview the lab findings and decide if the diagnosis is Type 2 or Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.\nExplain the pathophysiology associated with your chosen diagnosis\nIdentify at least three subjective findings from the case which support the chosen diagnosis.\nIdentify at least three objective findings from the case which support the chosen diagnosis.\nManagement of the Disease\n*Utilize the required Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) to support your treatment recommendations.\nIdentify two (2) \"Evidence A\" recommended medication classes for the treatment of this condition and provide an example (drug name) for each.\nDescribe the mechanism of action for each of the medication classes identified above.\nIdentify two (2) \"Evidence A\" recommended non-pharmacological treatment options for this patient.\nUtilizes the required Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) to support the chosen treatment recommendations\nhttps://professional.diabetes.org/standards-of-care/practice-guidelines-resources