Modifiable Risk Factors
Osteoporosis weakens bones and increases fracture risk (Jo'rayevna, 2023). Modifiable risk factors include dietary deficiencies (low calcium and vitamin D reducing bone density), excessive alcohol consumption (decreasing calcium absorption), smoking (reducing calcium absorption and slowing bone-forming cell production), and lack of physical activity (reducing mechanical stress on bone and bone formation) (Wilson-Barnes et al., 2022).
Nonmodifiable Risk Factors
Nonmodifiable factors include age (bone density decreases with aging), gender (women have smaller and lower bone density, with bone loss increasing when estrogen decreases), race (Asian women have higher risk than African American or Hispanic women), and body size (smaller frames are more susceptible) (Jo'rayevna, 2023).
Nursing Management Strategies
Nurses support patients by educating on calcium and vitamin D-rich diets, providing medical supplements with bisphosphonates, and recommending safe weight-bearing and strengthening exercise routines to build bone density (Jo'rayevna, 2023).
References
- Jo'rayevna, S. M. (2023). Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Ethiopian International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 10(09), 489-495. http://www.eijmr.org/index.php/eijmr/article/view/293
- Wilson-Barnes, S. L., et al. (2022). Modifiable risk factors for bone health & fragility fractures. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 36(3), 101758. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521694222000171
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